MESSIER OBJECTS
M001 - Crab Nebula in Taurus
  • ST8-XME w/7nm H-Alpha filter on 10" SCT @f/6.3 : Stack of 32x2 minute sigma-clipped exposures, binned 2x2, January 2012
M001 - Crab Nebula in Taurus
  • DS287m+front cell MFR5+UHC filter+IR Cut filter on EVOGuide50 refractor, Live Stack of 80x20sec frames, Gain 12.5, Contrast 0, Gamma minimum, histogram 230-255, dark frame correction, no flat.- Downtown Ottawa, February 11th 2021.
M001 - Crab Nebula in Taurus
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, averaged Live Stack (LS) of 16x15 sec frames, binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks and flats applied - Downtown Ottawa, November 30th 2019
M001 - Crab Nebula in Taurus
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + L-eNhance filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5,  E-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS) of 40x15 to 25 sec frames captured in sets of 16 or 8 frames with Exposure increased stepwise, binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats and Astroflat Pro applied - Downtown Ottawa, February 21st 2020.
M008 - Lagoon Nebula in Sagittarius
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + L-eNhance filter, on 120mm refractor @ f/3.5-4, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS : N[umber]b[ox] = 5) of 24x20 sec frames captured in three sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (8) to 200 (16) to 150 (24), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Foymount, Ontario, July 18th 2020
M011 - Wild Duck open cluster in Scutum
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + L-eNhance filter, on 120mm refractor @ f/3.5-4, Live Stack (LS : N[umber]b[ox] = 5) of 8x20 sec frames, binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied- Foymount, Ontario, July 18th 2020
M013 - globular cluster in Hercules
  • ST8-XME on 10" SCT @f/6.3 : Stack of 19x2 minute median combined exposures, binned 2x2, June 18th 2011 - for Michèle (1951-2011)
M013 - globular cluster in Hercules
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, HDR averaged Live Stack of 48x14 sec frames captured in sets of 8 frames with Gain incremented from 10 to 110 by 20 per frame set, binned 2x2, high conversion gain, flats and darks applied - Camera saturation = 50 - Downtown Ottawa, June 6th 2019
M015 - Globular cluster in Pegasus
  • DS10cTEC+MFR10+UHC filter on 8 inch SCT, Live Stack of 16x6sec frames, Gain 40, Contrast 20, Gamma minimum, histogram 175-255, DFCon, FFCon.- Downtown Ottawa under Full  Moon, October 30th 2020.
M016 - Eagle Nebula in Serpens Cauda
  • Mallincam Exterminator (X2-428m) + UHC+UV/IR cut filters, on 6 inch SCT @ f/5, averaged Live Stack of 4x40 sec frames, no flats or darks applied - Downtown Ottawa, August 26th 2019 ... processed in Photoshop
M016 - Eagle Nebula in Serpens Cauda
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + L-eNhance filter, on 120mm refractor @ f/3.5-4, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS : N[umber]b[ox] = 5) of 24x20 sec frames captured in three sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (8) to 200 (16) to 150 (24), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Foymount, Ontario, July 18th 2020
M016 - Eagle Nebula in Serpens Cauda : crop (67%)
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + L-eNhance filter, on 120mm refractor @ f/3.5-4, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS : N[umber]b[ox] = 5) of 24x20 sec frames captured in three sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (8) to 200 (16) to 150 (24), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Foymount, Ontario, July 18th 2020
M017 - Swan / Omega bright nebula in Sagittarius
  • Sky Raider DS10c on 8 inch SCT @ f/5 : averaged live stack of 5 x 10 second frames, binned 2x2, high conversion gain, no darks or flats , Foymount, September 8th 2018
​M020 - Trifid bright nebula in Sagittarius
  • Sky Raider DS10c on 8 inch SCT @ f/5 : averaged live stack of 5 x 10 second frames, binned 2x2, high conversion gain, no darks or flats , Foymount, September 8th 2018
​M020 - Trifid bright nebula in Sagittarius
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + L-eNhance filter, on 120mm refractor @ f/3.5-4, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS : N[umber]b[ox] = 5) of 24x20 sec frames captured in three sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (8) to 200 (16) to 150 (24), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied, note G(ain), Cntr(ast), Gamma, and H(istogram) BP and WP, (S)harpening and camera (Sat)uration settings - Foymount, Ontario, July 18th 2020
M024 - Small Scutum Starcloud in Scutum
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + L-eNhance filter, on 120mm refractor @ f/3.5-4, Live Stack (LS : N[umber]b[ox] = 5) of 8x20 sec frames, binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Foymount, Ontario, July 18th 2020
M027 - Dumbell Nebula in Vulpecula
  • ST8-XME w/7nm H-Alpha filter on 10" SCT @f/6.3 : Stack of 24x5 minute median combined exposures binned 2x2, July 2013
M027 - Dumbell Nebula in Vulpecula
  • DS432m+0.5FR+LeNhance filter on 8 inch LX200 @f/5, Live Stack of 32x20sec unbinned frames, Gain 30, Contrast 0, Gamma minimum, histogram 180-255, dark and flat field corrections - Downtown Ottawa, July 23rd 2021.
M027 - Dumbell Nebula in Vulpecula
  • ​Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS : N[umber]b[ox] = 5) of 24x15 sec frames captured in three sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (8) to 200 (16) to 150 (24), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Downtown Ottawa, June 18th 2020.
M029 - Open cluster in Cygnus
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, averaged Live Stack of 4x7 sec frames, binned 2x2, high conversion gain, flats and darks applied - Downtown Ottawa, Sept 12th 2019
M031 - core of Andromeda Galaxy in Andromeda
  • DS10cTEC+MFR10+UHC filter on 8 inch SCT, Live Stack of 32x10sec frames, Gain 40, Contrast 20, Gamma minimum, histogram 110-255, DFCon, FFCon.- Downtown Ottawa under Full  Moon, October 30th 2020.
M031 - Andromeda Galaxy in Andromeda
  • DS287m+front cell MFR5+UHC filter+IR Cut filter on EVOGuide50 refractor, Live Stack of 64x20sec frames, Gain 12.5, Contrast 20, Gamma minimum, histogram 220-255, dark frame correction, no flat.- Downtown Ottawa, January 8th 2021.
M031 / 032 / 110 - Andromeda Galaxy in Andromeda
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 120mm apo refractor @ f/3-4, HDR averaged Live Stack of 56x15 sec frames captured in sets of 8 frames with Gain incremented from 20 to 160 by 20 per frame set, binned 2x2, high conversion gain, flats and darks applied - Camera saturation = 75 - Video Star Party 2019, July 31st 2019.
​M033 - Pinwheel Galaxy in Triangulum
  • ST8-XME on 10" SCT @f/6.3 : Stack of 13x5 minute added exposures, binned 2x2, December 2017
M033 - Pinwheel Galaxy in Triangulum 
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, averaged Exposure-HDR Live Stack (LS) of 8to40 x 10to30 sec frames captured in sets of 8 frames with Exposure incremented from 10 to 28 secs by 5 secs per frame set, binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks and flats applied - Downtown Ottawa, November 30th 2019
M033 - Pinwheel Galaxy in Triangulum 
  • DS287m+front cell MFR5+UHC+IR Cut filter on EVOGuide50 refractor, Live Stack of 48x12sec frames, Gain 25, Contrast 20, Gamma minimum, histogram 190-255, dark frame correction, no flat correction - Downtown Ottawa, October 17th 2020.
M035 + NGC 2158 - Open clusters in Gemini
  • DS287m+front cell MFR5+UHC filter+IR Cut filter on EVOGuide50 refractor, Live Stack of 36x20sec frames, Gain 12.5, Contrast 20, Gamma minimum, histogram 215-255, dark frame correction, no flat.- Downtown Ottawa, January 8th 2021.
M036 - Open cluster in Auriga 
  • DS287m+front cell MFR5+UHC filter+IR Cut filter on EVOGuide50 refractor, Live Stack of 16x20sec frames, Gain 12.5, Contrast 20, Gamma minimum, histogram 215-255, dark frame correction, no flat.- Downtown Ottawa, January 8th 2021.
M037 - Open cluster in Auriga 
  • DS287m+front cell MFR5+UHC filter+IR Cut filter on EVOGuide50 refractor, Live Stack of 16x20sec frames, Gain 12.5, Contrast 20, Gamma minimum, histogram 215-255, dark frame correction, no flat.- Downtown Ottawa, January 8th 2021.
M038 - Open cluster in Auriga 
  • DS287m+front cell MFR5+UHC filter+IR Cut filter on EVOGuide50 refractor, Live Stack of 16x20sec frames, Gain 12.5, Contrast 20, Gamma minimum, histogram 215-255, dark frame correction, no flat.- Downtown Ottawa, January 8th 2021.
M044 - Beehive Cluster in Cancer
  • DS287m+front cell MFR5+UHC filter+IR Cut filter on EVOGuide50 refractor, Live Stack of 32x15sec frames, Gain 12.5, Contrast 0, Gamma1, histogram 160-255, dark frame correction, no flat.- Downtown Ottawa, January 30th 2021.
M045 - Pleiades Cluster in Taurus
  • Sky Raider DS10c on 8 inch SCT @ f/5 : averaged live stack of 5 x 18 second frames, binned 2x2, high conversion gain, no darks or flats , Foymount, September 8th 2018 ... clockwise Maia, Electra, Merope and Alcyone
M051 - Whirlpool Galaxy in Canes Venatici
  • ST8-XME on 10" SCT @f/6.3 : Stack of 22x5 minute mean kappa sigma clip exposures, binned 2x2, March 2018. Note faint galaxies IC 4278 (Mag 15.4) to left and IC 4277 (Mag 16.5) to upper left.
M051 - Whirlpool Galaxy in Canes Venatici
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS) of 100x20 sec frames captured in three sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (32) to 200 (64) to 150 (100), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Downtown Ottawa, April 22nd 2020
M051 - Whirlpool Galaxy in Canes Venatici
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS) of 24x20 sec frames captured in three sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (8) to 200 (16) to 150 (24), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Downtown Ottawa, May 21st 2020.
M051 - Whirlpool Galaxy in Canes Venatici
  • DS287m+front cell MFR5+UHC filter+IR Cut filter on EVOGuide50 refractor, Live Stack of 64x20sec frames, Gain 12.5, Contrast 0, Gamma minimum, histogram 210-255, dark frame correction, no flat.- Downtown Ottawa, March 9th 2021.
M052 - Condensed open cluster in Cassiopeia
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, averaged Live Stack of 8x10 sec frames, binned 2x2, high conversion gain, flats and darks applied - Downtown Ottawa, Sept 16th 2019
M056 - globular cluster in Vega
  • ST8-XME on 10" SCT @f/6.3 : Stack of 27x5 minute median combined exposures, binned 2x2, July 2017
M056 - globular cluster in Vega
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, averaged Live Stack of 4x9 sec frames, binned 2x2, high conversion gain, flats and darks applied - Downtown Ottawa, August 31st 2019
M057 - Ring Nebula in Lyra
  • ST8-XME on 10" SCT @f/6.3 : Stack of 24x5 minute mean kappa sigma clip exposures, binned 2x2, July 2018
M057 - Ring Nebula in Lyra
  • DS432m+0.5FR+LeNhance filter on 8 inch LX200 @ f/5, Live Stack of 16x20sec unbinned frames, Gain 30, Contrast 0, Gamma 1, histogram 10-255 to 200, dark and flat field corrections - Downtown Ottawa, July 14th 2021.
M061 - anticlockwise spiraL galaxy and "apparent" neighbours in Virgo
  • MC-X2 on 6" SCT @ f/3.3 : Single 60 second frame, May 10th 2013 ... cf M-051 (mirrored) !!!
M063 - Sunflower Galaxy, flocculent spiral in Canes Venatici
  • ST8-XME on 10" SCT @f/6.3 : Stack of 24x5 minute median combined exposures, binned 2x2, April 2018
M063 - Sunflower Galaxy, flocculent spiral in Canes Venatici + faint PGC at upper right
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS) of 24x20 sec frames captured in three sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (8) to 200 (16) to 150 (24), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Downtown Ottawa, May 21st 2020.
M064 - Blackeye Galaxy in Coma Berenices
  • ST8-XME on 10" SCT @f/6.3 : Stack of 16x2 minute added exposures, binned 2x2, early June 2011
M064 - Blackeye spiral galaxy in Coma Berenices
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS) of 64x20 sec frames captured in three sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (16) to 200 (32) to 150 (64), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Downtown Ottawa, April 22nd 2020.
M066- spiral galaxy in Leo
  • ST8-XME on 10" SCT @f/6.3 : Stack of 9x2 minute added exposures, binned 2x2, March 2011
M066 - spiral galaxy in Leo
  • MC XT2-428 on 10" SCT @ f/6.3 : Single 60 second frame, March 2018
M065 + 066 - Spiral galaxies in Leo
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS) of 80x12 sec frames captured in three sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (24) to 150 (64) to 100 (80), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats and Astroflat Pro applied - Downtown Ottawa, March 22nd 2020.
M071 - Globular cluster in Sagitta
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, averaged Live Stack of 4x9 sec frames, binned 2x2, high conversion gain, flats and darks applied - Downtown Ottawa, August 31st 2019.
M074 - clockwise spiral galaxy in Pisces
  • Sky Raider DS10c on 8 inch SCT @ f/5 : averaged live stack of 10 x 20 second frames, binned 2x2, high conversion gain, no darks or flats , Foymount, September 8th 2018
M076 -  Little Dumbell ​planetary nebula in Perseus
  • DS10cTEC+MFR10+UHC filter on 8 inch SCT, Live Stack of 48x15sec frames, Gain 40, Contrast 20, Gamma minimum, histogram 145-255, DFCon, FFCon.- Downtown Ottawa under Full  Moon, October 30th 2020.
M081 - grand design spiral galaxy in Ursa Major
  • MC-X2 on 6" SCT @ f/3.3 : Single 40 second frame, March 31st 2014
M082 - spiral galaxy in Ursa Major
  • MC-X2 on 6" SCT @ f/3.3 : Single 40 second frame, March 31st 2014
M081 + M082 -Spiral galaxies (Cigar and Bode's) in Ursa Major
  • DS287m+front cell MFR5+UHC filter+IR Cut filter on EVOGuide50 refractor, Live Stack of 64x20sec frames, Gain 12.5, Contrast 20, Gamma minimum, histogram 215-255, dark frame correction, no flat.- Downtown Ottawa, January 8th 2021.

M083 - barred grand design spiral galaxy in Hydra
  • ​MC-X2 on 6" SCT @ f/3.3 : Single 40 second frame, May 28th 2014
M085 + NGC 4394 - Galaxies in Coma Berenices
  • Sky Raider DS10c on 8 inch SCT @ f/5 : averaged live stack of 16 x 10 second frames, binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks and flats applied , March 23rd 2019
M088 - Spiral galaxy in Coma Berenices + NGC 4516
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS) of 24x20 sec frames captured in three sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (8) to 200 (16) to 150 (24), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Downtown Ottawa, May 20th 2020.
M091 - Clockwise barred grand design spiral galaxy in Coma Berenices
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS) of 24x20 sec frames captured in three sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (8) to 200 (16) to 150 (24), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Downtown Ottawa, May 20th 2020.
M094 - Crocodiles Eye spiral galaxy in Canes Venatici
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS) of 32x20 sec frames captured in three sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (16) to 200 (32) to 200 (64), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Downtown Ottawa, April 22nd 2020.
M094 - Crocodiles Eye spiral galaxy in Canes Venatici = crop at 100%
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS) of 32x20 sec frames captured in three sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (16) to 200 (32) to 200 (64), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Downtown Ottawa, April 22nd 2020.
M095 - barred spiral galaxy in Leo
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, HDR averaged Live Stack of 56x10 sec frames captured in sets of 8 frames with Gain incremented from 40 to 160 by 20 per frame set, binned 2x2, high conversion gain, flats and darks applied - April 4th 2019
M096 - spiral galaxy in Leo
  • MC XT2-428 on 10" SCT @ f/3.3 : Single 60 second frame, March 2018
M097 - Owl Nebula in Ursa Major
  • DS10cTEC+MFR10+UHC filter on 8 inch SCT, Live Stack of 18x15sec frames, Gain 40, Contrast 20, Gamma min, histogram 210-255, dark field and flat field correction.- Downtown Ottawa, January 23rd 2021
M098 - anticlockwise spiral galaxy in Coma Berenices 
  • ​​ST8-XME on 10" SCT @f/6.3 : Stack of 36x5 minute median combined exposures, binned 2x2, April 2015
M098 - anticlockwise spiral galaxy in Coma Berenices
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS) of 64x15 sec frames captured in four sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (16) to 200 (32) to 150 (48) to 100 (64), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied, note G(ain), Cntr(ast), Gamma, and H(istogram) BP and WP, (S)harpening and camera (Sat)uration settings - Downtown Ottawa, May 13th 2020.
M099 - clockwise spiral galaxy in Coma Berenices
  • ​​ST8-XME on 10" SCT @f/6.3 : Stack of 18x5 minute median combined exposures, binned 2x2, May 2015
M099 - clockwise spiral galaxy in Coma Berenices
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS) of 32x20 sec frames captured in four sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (8) to 200 (16) to 150 (24) to 120 (32), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Downtown Ottawa, May 19th 2020.
M100 - Anticlockwise spiral galaxy and neighbours in Coma Berenices : note the multiple faint PGC galaxies
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS) of 32x20 sec frames captured in four sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (8) to 200 (16) to 150 (24) to 120 (32), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Downtown Ottawa, May 19th 2020.
M100 - Anticlockwise spiral galaxy and neighbours in Coma Berenices ... plus NGC 4312
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS) of 32x20 sec frames captured in four sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (8) to 200 (16) to 150 (24) to 120 (32), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Downtown Ottawa, May 19th 2020.
M101 - Pinwheel Galaxy in Ursa Major
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS) of 90x20 sec frames captured in four sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (16) to 200 (32) to 150 (64) to 110 (90), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Downtown Ottawa, April 22nd 2020.
M104 - Sombrero Galaxy in Corvus
  • MC-X2 on 6" SCT @ f/3.3 : Single 30 second frame, April 30th 2014
M105 - elliptical galaxy and spiral galaxies NGC 3384 + 3373 in Leo
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS) of 128x12 sec frames captured in three sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (16) to 150 (64) to 100 (128), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats and Astroflat Pro applied - Downtown Ottawa, March 22nd 2020.
 M106 - spiral galaxy in Canes Venatici + NGC 4248 and distant neighbours (top right)
  • Sky Raider DS10cTEC + UHC filter, on 8 inch SCT @ f/5, WP-HDR averaged Live Stack (LS) of 48x20 sec frames captured in three sets of frames with White Point decreased from 255 (16) to 200 (32) to 150 (48), binned 2x2, high conversion gain, darks, flats applied - Downtown Ottawa, May 13th 2020.
M108 + M97 - spiral galaxy + Owl planetary nebula in Ursa Major
  • DS287m+front cell MFR5+UHC filter+IR Cut filter on EVOGuide50 refractor, Live Stack of 32x20sec frames, Gain 12.5, Contrast 0, Gamma minimum, histogram 225-255, dark frame correction, no flat.- Downtown Ottawa, February 11th 2021.
M108 - spiral galaxy in Ursa Major
  • DS10cTEC+MFR10+UHC filter on 8 inch SCT, Live Stack of 48x15sec frames, Gain 40, Contrast 0, Gamma minimum, histogram 210-255, dark field and flat field correction.- Downtown Ottawa, February 11th 2021.
M109 - spiral galaxy in Ursa Major
  • MC-X2 on 6" SCT @ f/3.3 : Single 40 second frame, March 31st 2014 ... note PGC 4011292 (mag 18.6) right of centre